What is an Astrophysicist?

Do you often find yourself gazing at the stars? Are you endlessly curious about space, the universe, planets, and galaxies?

Don’t worry, there’s nothing wrong with you—you might just be destined to become an astrophysicist!

What Do Astrophysicists Do?

Stephen Hawking, Neil DeGrasse Tyson, Mary Jackson, Hubert Reeves… The list of world-renowned astrophysicists is long, which speaks volumes about their importance in scientific research. It’s no coincidence that we recommend reading many of their books for beginner astronomers.

An astrophysicist is a scientist who studies the physical properties, processes, and physics of objects beyond Earth. This includes the Moon, the Sun, the planets in our solar system, and even galaxies invisible to the naked eye.

The primary goal of this profession is to understand the origins of the universe, how it works, our place within it, the search for life on other planets, and, in some cases, to predict the end of the universe.

An astrophysicist’s work involves researching the origins and properties of stars, planets, black holes, and galaxies using powerful telescopes located in astronomical observatories.

Astrophysicists often tackle specific problems, such as why a particular galaxy has its shape or how gas clouds around a new star are formed. They use telescopes to collect data, then analyze it using skills in physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics to create scientific models.

Since most astrophysicists work for government agencies or universities, their responsibilities often extend beyond data collection and research.

Despite these additional responsibilities, most astrophysicists enjoy significant freedom to conduct their own research.

Radio telescopes installed near Westerbork in the Netherlands

Skills Required to Become an Astrophysicist

Here are the essential skills needed to pursue a career as an astrophysicist:

Strong analytical skills for conducting research projects, acquiring data, and writing reports on findings.
The ability to test theories and mathematical models and present results to team members.
Excellent skills in mathematics, physics, and chemistry to test theories and analyze data.
Problem-solving abilities to identify and address research challenges.
The capacity to create hypotheses and take the necessary steps to prove or disprove them.
Proficiency in using computers and various software programs.
Strong writing and oral communication skills.
Expertise in using astrophysics equipment and tools.
The ability to explain and simplify scientific or mathematical concepts.
A passion for teamwork.

Where Do Astrophysicists Work?

Astrophysics offers three distinct career paths: astronomer, researcher, or teacher-researcher.

Astronomers, who specialize in observing celestial bodies, conduct their research in astronomical observatories.
Researchers work in institutions like the CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research).
Teacher-researchers split their time between teaching, training, and conducting research at universities, contributing to the advancement of knowledge.

Astronomical observatories are typically located in remote areas at high altitudes to ensure optimal observation conditions. During these observations, a local technical team operates the telescope based on instructions provided by the astrophysicist, either on-site or remotely via the internet, ensuring precise data collection.

This profession often involves extensive travel, especially for observation campaigns or the installation of new instruments.

Astrophysicists also actively participate in seminars, conferences, and international symposiums, sharing their discoveries and contributing to the advancement of scientific research.

How to Become an Astrophysicist?

Obtain a University Degree in Physical Sciences

The first step is to earn a bachelor’s degree in physics, astronomy, or a related field. This education provides the necessary foundation in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology.

Pursue Advanced Studies

Most astrophysicists hold a master’s degree and a Ph.D. in astrophysics. Here are some possible academic paths:

Master’s in Fundamental Physics and Engineering Sciences, specializing in Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Space Engineering (BAC+5).
Master’s in Fundamental Physics and Engineering Sciences, specializing in Gravitational Systems Dynamics (BAC+5).
Master’s in Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Space Engineering (BAC+5).
Doctorate in Astrophysics (BAC+8).

Academic and Research Positions

After many years of study and earning a Ph.D., many astrophysicists seek academic positions (professors) at universities or research roles in scientific institutions and observatories.

However, it’s important to note that these positions are highly competitive due to:

The length of study required.
The intense competition for university positions.
The limited number of available roles.

Salary of an Astrophysicist

An astrophysicist’s salary varies based on geographic location, experience, and their role in public or private institutions.

Entry-level astrophysicists typically earn between $1,950 and $2,700 gross per month, with opportunities for advancement.
University professors earn between $3,800 and $7,600 gross per month, depending on seniority.
Research fellows at NASA receive salaries ranging from $94,000 to $152,000 dollars per year throughout their career.
Private sector astrophysicists earn an average of $3,200 to $7,000 gross per month, with experienced professionals reaching up to $8,600 gross per month.